Substations may be on the surface in fenced enclosures, underground, or located in special-purpose buildings. Other devices such as capacitors and voltage regulators may also be located at a substation. Substations themselves do not usually have generators, although a power plantmay have a substation nearby. Smaller distribution stations may use recloser circuit breakers or fuses for protection of distribution circuits. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any short circuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment, and transformers. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.Ī:Primary power lines' side B:Secondary power lines' sideġ.Primary power lines 2.Ground wire 3.Overhead lines 4.Transformer for measurement of electric voltage 5.Disconnect switch 6.Circuit breaker 7.Current transformer 8.Lightning arrester 9.Main transformer 10.Control building 11.Security fence 12.Secondary power lines As central generation stations became larger, smaller generating plants were converted to distribution stations, receiving their energy supply from a larger plant instead of using their own generators.
The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.Ī substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. This substation shows elements of low-profile construction apparatus is mounted on individual columns.Ī substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. A 115 kV to 41.6/12.47 kV 5 MVA 60 Hz substation with circuit switcher, regulators, reclosers and control building at Warren, Minnesota.
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